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Article ID: CBB295189524

Medizinische Verflechtung und Systemkonkurrenz im Kalten Krieg - Medical Interdependence and System Competition During the Cold War: Poliobekämpfung im geteilten Berlin (2020)

Hinz-Wessels, Annette (Author)

Medizinhistorisches Journal
Volume: 55
Issue: 2
Pages: 132-171

URI: http://www.jstor.org/stable/48586503

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Public health Urban history Medicine and politics Cross-national interaction Cold War Poliomyelitis 20th century Berlin (Germany)

Der Beitrag untersucht den Umgang mit der gefürchteten Kinderlähmung in der Millionenstadt Berlin nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg bis zum Mauerbau vor dem Hintergrund der politischen Entwicklung und der globalen Bekämpfungsstrategien an der Schnittstelle von Medizin-, Zeit- und Stadtgeschichte. Das von den alliierten Siegermächten 1945 in vier Sektoren aufgeteilte Berlin bildete einen Brennpunkt des Kalten Krieges und galt als Schaufenster der Systemkonkurrenz. Trotzdem entwickelte die seit 1948 administrativ und zunehmend auch infrastrukturell geteilte Stadt in Fragen der Poliobekämpfung aufgrund der räumlichen Verflechtung und der Wahrnehmung von Infektionskrankheiten als grenzüberschreitende Bedrohung ein erstaunliches Maß an Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Experten in Ost- und Westberlin. Von dieser „Politik der kurzen Wege“ und den persönlichen Kontakten profitierten sowohl die gesamte Berliner Bevölkerung als auch die nationale Seuchenbekämpfung in beiden deutschen Staaten. Covering the intersection of medical, contemporary and urban history this article examines the handling of the dreaded polio in the megacity Berlin after World War II up to the erection of the Berlin Wall against the background of political developments and global strategies to combat the disease. Divided into four sectors by the victorious allied powers in 1945, Berlin was a focal point of the Cold War and was considered a showcase for the two competing systems. Despite this, the city, which had been divided administratively since 1948 and increasingly also in terms of infrastructure, developed an astonishing level of cooperation between experts in East and West Berlin in matters of polio control due to the spatial interdependence and the perception of infectious diseases as a cross-border threat. This “policy of short distances” and personal contacts benefited both the entire population of Berlin and the national epidemic control in both German states.

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