Cowles, Henry M. (Author)
Harvard University Press
Physical Details: 384
Language: English
The surprising history of the scientific method―from an evolutionary account of thinking to a simple set of steps―and the rise of psychology in the nineteenth century.The idea of a single scientific method, shared across specialties and teachable to ten-year-olds, is just over a hundred years old. For centuries prior, science had meant a kind of knowledge, made from facts gathered through direct observation or deduced from first principles. But during the nineteenth century, science came to mean something else: a way of thinking.The Scientific Method tells the story of how this approach took hold in laboratories, the field, and eventually classrooms, where science was once taught as a natural process. Henry M. Cowles reveals the intertwined histories of evolution and experiment, from Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection to John Dewey’s vision for science education. Darwin portrayed nature as akin to a man of science, experimenting through evolution, while his followers turned his theory onto the mind itself. Psychologists reimagined the scientific method as a problem-solving adaptation, a basic feature of cognition that had helped humans prosper. This was how Dewey and other educators taught science at the turn of the twentieth century―but their organic account was not to last. Soon, the scientific method was reimagined as a means of controlling nature, not a product of it. By shedding its roots in evolutionary theory, the scientific method came to seem far less natural, but far more powerful.This book reveals the origin of a fundamental modern concept. Once seen as a natural adaptation, the method soon became a symbol of science’s power over nature, a power that, until recently, has rarely been called into question.
...MoreReview Greg Priest (2021) Review of "The Scientific Method: An Evolution of Thinking from Darwin to Dewey". History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences (p. 96).
Review Daniel Lee Kleinman (2022) Review of "The Scientific Method: An Evolution of Thinking from Darwin to Dewey". Journal of American History (pp. 448-449).
Review Alisa Bokulich; Federica Bocchi (2022) Review of "The Scientific Method: An Evolution of Thinking from Darwin to Dewey". Isis: International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences (pp. 196-197).
Review Andrea Parravicini (2021) Review of "The Scientific Method: An Evolution of Thinking from Darwin to Dewey". Endeavour: Review of the Progress of Science (p. 100778).
Multimedia Object Lukas Rieppel; Cowles, Henry M. (2020) Henry M. Cowles, “The Scientific Method: An Evolution of Thinking from Darwin to Dewey” (Harvard UP, 2020).
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