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Article ID: CBB276283138

Tinkering with Genes and Embryos: The Multiple Invention of Transgenic Mice C. 1980 (2019)

History and Technology
Volume: 35
Issue: 4
Pages: 425-452

URI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2019.1694126

DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2019.1694126

Publication Date: 2019
Edition Details: Special Issue: Biology and Technology Reframed: Historiographical Reflections and Opportunities
Language: English

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Mice as laboratory animals Animals Genetically modified organisms Genetics Genetic engineering 20th century, late

Genetically modified or ‘transgenic’ mice are a routine experimental tool in biomedical research, commonly produced by injecting DNA into one-cell embryos. These animals were independently invented in 1980 by multiple university groups in the United States and Europe that combined expertise in mouse developmental biology and recombinant DNA techniques, or ‘genetic engineering’. In this article, I examine this multiple invention and argue that research strategies, experimental practices, and funding arrangements that led to transgenic mice are best described as tinkering. These creative and speculative endeavors, combined with partial knowledge of what was happening in competing laboratories, created a fruitful atmosphere for research which led to the multiple invention. The tinkering was, however, underpinned by infrastructures that were crucial to success, some long established, such as mouse supply or embryological tools, and some emerging, such as the informal exchange of isolated genes.

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Article Karen A. Rader (2019) Introduction to the Special Issue Biology and Technology Reframed: Historiographical Reflections and Opportunities. History and Technology (pp. 366-373). unapi

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https://data.isiscb.org/isis/citation/CBB276283138/

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