This article uses the writing and public rhetoric of William Temple Hornaday, Georg Treichel, and Julian Sorell Huxley to chart the development of a conservationist discourse that I call “imperial survivalism” in the twentieth century. Born of a stew of political anxiety, nostalgia, and racial fear, imperial survivalism associated the threat of animal extinction with the rise of indigenous sovereignty across the African continent. As it evolved from the 1910s to the late 1960s, imperial survivalism authorized efforts not only to “save” African animals but also to justify the claims of empire in a post-imperial world.
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