The world map made by Martin Waldseemüller and his colleagues in 1507 was the first to call the land newly discovered in the South Atlantic by the name America, but what did they consider this land to be? In contrast to its discoverers, who had declared it to be continental, Waldseemüller called it an island. This is clear from comparing the inscription describing the newly discovered land on his map with the analogous inscription on his source map, the Cantino. At that time, “continent” had a different meaning to that which it later acquired. It is argued here that Waldseemüller, like his contemporaries, identified America with the fourth part of the world, the Antipodes.
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