While there is a long history of misidentifying whales as sea monsters, historical maps and anecdotes can provide early depictions and descriptions of cetacean biology. For example, the map of ‘Islandia’ [Iceland] reproduced by Abraham Ortelius (1527–1598) in numerous printings of his atlas Theatrum orbis terrarum has an array of sea monsters, including the ‘Staukul’, that was said to stand upright out of the water for extended periods. This may be the earliest portrayal of spy-hopping, a common behaviour in which whales elevate themselves above the water to observe their surroundings.
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Article
R. L. France;
(2018)
Illustration of an 1857 “Sea-Serpent” Sighting Re-Interpreted as an Early Depiction of Cetacean Entanglement in Maritime Debris
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Kees Ketelaar;
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Marcel van den Broecke;
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Vandersmissen, Jan;
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Abraham Ortelius Vereeuwigd. Fantomen van Kunstzinnig Patriottisme en Geografie te Antwerpen op het Einde van de negentiende eeuw
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Thesis
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