Article ID: CBB251116095

“Health is Wealth”: Valuing Health in the Nineteenth-Century United States (2021)

unapi

This essay traces the evolution of the motto “health is wealth” from its origins as an anticapitalist argument made by antebellum sanitary reformers to its acceptance as a fundamental principle of organized public health in the United States. Sanitarians originally coined the phrase “health is wealth” to counter the capitalist maxim “labor is wealth.” Because city leaders were businessmen who understood economic arguments, public health reformers increasingly gave health a monetary value in order to win over this audience and change urban governance. Although “health is wealth” momentarily co-opted the logic of capitalism in order to successfully make the case for institutionalizing public health within municipal and state governments, the phrase ultimately wrote economic values into the purpose and functions of public health boards and departments. In the course of advancing a proactive public health that prevented both endemic and epidemic diseases, sanitarians reduced the perception of health from a common good to a commodity. The economic logic employed by early reformers is critical, not only for understanding how the long reach of early American capitalism touches us today but also for recognizing that modern public health functions in the way it was created, as a capitalist system.

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Authors & Contributors
Kathryn Olivarius
Fullilove, Courtney
Charissa S. L. Cheah
Pavone, Vincenzo
Nan Zhou
Figueiredo, Regina Érika Domingos de
Concepts
Public health
Health
Capitalism
Medicine and society
Commodification
Weight management
Time Periods
19th century
20th century, early
20th century, late
21st century
20th century
18th century
Places
United States
Philadelphia, PA
Latin America
China
Siberia (Russia)
Pennsylvania (U.S.)
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