Article ID: CBB233963189

Roberto Ardigò as a Forerunner of George M. Stratton’s Experiments on Inverted Vision (2020)

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After Johannes Kepler’s supposition of inverted and reversed retinal images and Christoph Scheiner’s anatomical demonstration of such an inversion, the question arose whether this inversion is necessary and how it is possible to see an upright world based on an inverted image. The answer to this question is commonly attributed to the American psychologist George M. Stratton, who produced, in 1896, upright retinal images by means of lenses and showed that after a phase of inverted perception, upright vision is restored. However, prior to 1886, the Italian philosopher Roberto Ardigò had already performed optical experiments with a prism, obtaining a similar result. The intend of his optical investigation was essentially psychological, in opposition to contemporary physiological approaches. He accepted Hermann von Helmholtz’s basic assumptions, but interpreted the results of his experiments in the framework of a more detailed theory of perception. The present article aims to analyze Ardigò’s experiments and compare them with Stratton’s in order to give them the place they deserve in the history of experimental psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

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Authors & Contributors
Wade, Nicholas J.
Morgese, Giorgia
De Pascalis, Vilfredo
Ross, Andrew B.
Doria, Corinne
Gemma Almond-Brown
Journals
Physis: Rivista Internazionale di Storia della Scienza
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
History of Psychology
Revue d'Histoire des Sciences
Physics in Perspective
Nuncius: Annali di Storia della Scienza
Publishers
University of Nevada, Reno
University of Chicago Press
Ohio State University Press
Manchester University Press
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT
Harvard University
Concepts
Visual perception
Vision
Psychology
Experimental psychology
Senses and sensation; perception
Scientific apparatus and instruments
People
Darwin, Charles Robert
Rood‏, Ogden Nicholas
Wundt, Wilhelm Max
Wells, William Charles
Peirce, Charles Sanders
Luciani, Luigi
Time Periods
19th century
20th century, early
18th century
20th century
Early modern
Modern
Places
Great Britain
United States
Italy
Germany
England
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