Article ID: CBB233963189

Roberto Ardigò as a Forerunner of George M. Stratton’s Experiments on Inverted Vision (2020)

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After Johannes Kepler’s supposition of inverted and reversed retinal images and Christoph Scheiner’s anatomical demonstration of such an inversion, the question arose whether this inversion is necessary and how it is possible to see an upright world based on an inverted image. The answer to this question is commonly attributed to the American psychologist George M. Stratton, who produced, in 1896, upright retinal images by means of lenses and showed that after a phase of inverted perception, upright vision is restored. However, prior to 1886, the Italian philosopher Roberto Ardigò had already performed optical experiments with a prism, obtaining a similar result. The intend of his optical investigation was essentially psychological, in opposition to contemporary physiological approaches. He accepted Hermann von Helmholtz’s basic assumptions, but interpreted the results of his experiments in the framework of a more detailed theory of perception. The present article aims to analyze Ardigò’s experiments and compare them with Stratton’s in order to give them the place they deserve in the history of experimental psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

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Authors & Contributors
Wade, Nicholas J.
Atherton, Margaret
Athy, Jeremy
Branch, Michael P.
Büttemeyer, Wilhelm
Coombs, David Sweeney
Journals
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie
British Journal for the History of Science
Canadian Bulletin of Medical History/Bulletin Canadienne d'Histoire de la Medecine
History and Technology
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
Publishers
Harvard University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT
Harvard University Press
Manchester University Press
Ohio State University Press
Oxford University Press
Concepts
Visual perception
Vision
Psychology
Experimental psychology
Senses and sensation; perception
Visual representation; visual communication
People
Darwin, Charles Robert
Ardigò, Roberto
Berkeley, George
Brunswik, Egon
Darwin, Erasmus
Dearborn, Walter Fenno
Time Periods
19th century
20th century, early
18th century
20th century
17th century
Modern
Places
Great Britain
United States
Germany
Italy
England
Caucasus region
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