Article ID: CBB222001645

Artist's iron-based natural earth pigments of Tuscany (Monte Amiata volcano, Italy) (2022)

unapi

Among the artist’s iron-based natural earth pigments, the so-called terra di Siena (raw sienna), terra di Siena bruciata (burnt sienna) and terra d’ombra (umber) have been among the yellow-brown and reddish-brown earth pigments most widely used by Italian and European painters since the Renaissance. We present the history of discovery, designation, and production of these famous pigments, their geological, lithological, and geochemical characterization, and the recognition of their genesis and places of origin, based on new geological field surveys, and on the critical analysis of textual documents and rock sample collections assembled during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In particular, the terra di Siena earth pigment exclusively originated at, and was extracted from, late Pleistocene paleo-lake basins surrounding the Monte Amiata volcano. This earth pigment consists of primarily lacustrine sediments composed of hydrated iron oxide (limonite/goethite) produced by biochemical authigenic precipitation from fresh waters rich in metal solutes.

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Authors & Contributors
Mola, Luca
Bernarduzzi, Lidia Falomo
Gavinelli, Simona
Riva, Alessandro
Rinaldo Rinaldi
Lehmann, Christian
Journals
Earth Sciences History: Journal of the History of the Earth Sciences Society
Publishers
L'Erma di Bretschneider
W. W. Norton & Co.
Ohio University Press
Loffredo
Edifir Edizioni
CLUEB
Concepts
Science and art
Medicine
Geology
Earth sciences
Wax modeling
Anatomy
People
Viganò, Carlo
Steno, Nicolaus
Lyell, Charles
Leonardo da Vinci
Time Periods
Early modern
Modern
Renaissance
Medieval
20th century
19th century
Places
Italy
Padua (Italy)
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