This chapter deals with early modern medicine as a “Scientia” against the background of the reception and repression of the Protestant Reformation in Italy. In particular, it examines the 1575 Venetian plague, by taking into account the personal and scientific experience of the heterodox physician working in the Republic, Girolamo Donzellini, a medical doctor and humanist in the sixteenth-century Respublica Medicorum. During the pestilence, he was serving an Inquisition life sentence in prison. As a heterodox doctor, a prisoner and the author of a treatise on plague, he provides a good case-study. Thanks to the rare evidence provided by the minutes of Donzellini’s fourth trial in 1575/1576, this article describes what a prisoner doctor’s daily life was like in times of plague. Moreover it analyses the medical treatise that Donzellini wrote during his detention: the "Discorso Nobilissimo e Dottissimo Preservativo et Curativo della Peste." By doing so this paper intends to provide fresh insights about the intersection among medical, religious and social aspects in the development of sixteenth-century Scientia.
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