Article ID: CBB221223837

Science, Constitutional Medicine and National Bodily Identity in Brazilian Biotypology during the 1930s (2016)

unapi

In Brazil in the 1930s, biotypology was a foundational doctrine for national medicine. Proposing a holistic view of the organism, biotypology was embraced as a medical science that could overcome approaches focused on illness rather than on the sick person. Among its various meanings, biotypology was described as ‘the science of the individual’. Its main scientific practices consisted of morphological, physiological and psychological evaluations that were determined through calculations and statistics. Biotypological studies operated beyond the realm of medical practice, informing eugenic, racial and national identity debates in Brazil. Biotypologists created systems for the bodily classification of Brazilians, established patterns of normality, and characterised individuals in biological terms. Yet biotypology also emphasized bodily norms derived from studying the collective to analyse the health of individuals in doctors’ clinical practice.

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Authors & Contributors
Beccalossi, Chiara
Sharman Levinson
Sylvie Chaperon
Camille Noûs
Arthur Arruda Leal Ferreira
Alain Giami
Concepts
Psychology
Physiology
Medicine and science, relationships
Psychoanalysis
Biotypology
Sexology
Time Periods
20th century, early
19th century
18th century
20th century
20th century, late
Places
Brazil
Italy
Argentina
Spain
North America
Germany
Institutions
Biotypological Orthogenetic Institute
Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas (Spain)
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