Article ID: CBB218342384

Morphine on Trial: Legal Medicine and Criminal Responsibility in the Fin de Siècle (2019)

unapi

This article examines medical-legal debates over the criminal responsibility of morphine addicts in the fin de siècle, at a time when the use of psychotropic drugs was not yet illegal. Addicted defendants argued that morphine had produced a temporary state of insanity at the time of the crime. However, medical-legal experts emphasized the regulatory influence of morphine over the addicted body, navigating between moralistic arguments about the primacy of free will and deterministic arguments about the role of physiology in establishing criminal responsibility. Withdrawal, rather that morphine, served as the primary condition for criminal irresponsibility in most cases of addiction. Therefore morphine became a fundamental element of the addicted individual, required for these defendants to be considered sane and morally responsible.

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Authors & Contributors
Black, Sara E.
Guba, David A., Jr.
Nelson, Elizabeth
Duvall, Nicholas
Dahl, Hilde
Thompson, Courtney Elizabeth
Concepts
Mental disorders and diseases
Medicine and law
Criminal law
Forensic medicine
Addictive behavior
Psychiatry
Time Periods
19th century
20th century, early
20th century
18th century
17th century
Places
France
United States
Hamburg (Germany)
Naples (Italy)
Scotland
Netherlands
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