New presses worked hand in hand with May Fourth and post-May Fourth intellectuals to turn their mutual marginality into a powerful weapon in their challenge to the publishing and cultural establishment. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the importance of the new presses lay not only in furthering the New Culture cause in the post-May Fourth era, but also in ushering in a distinctive era in the history of modern publishing in China. It was a new era in which avant-garde, highbrow, May Fourth-inspired publications became both popular and profitable. In bringing about this transformation, the new presses also established the organizational support that gave rise to the professionalization of May Fourth and post-May Fourth intellectuals as writers, editors, and publishers. This chapter focuses on small new presses, the intellectuals who allied with them, and the inner dynamics of the interlocking developments of new publishing and new cultural experiments.
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