Article ID: CBB210159180

On Mascheroni's La geometria del compasso at the beginning of the 19th century (2021)

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Lorenzo Mascheroni's 1797 work La geometria del compasso, which develops a geometry based solely on compass constructions, is considered by the author as stepping back behind the “demarcation line” of Euclidean geometry. In this work Mascheroni emphasizes the practical aspects of this geometry over a theoretical approach. A century later, in 1899, David Hilbert and his student Michael Feldblum proposed a totally different approach – algebraic and axiomatic – concerning geometric constructions based on various instruments. Taking into account that, at the end of the 18th century, straightedge geometry was also developed, one may ask what happened to the image of instrument-based geometry during the 19th century? By focusing on Mascheroni's book and its reception, this article aims to examine the various views and conceptions of mathematicians with respect to this geometry. Zusammenfassung Lorenzo Mascheronis Werk La geometria del compasso aus dem Jahr 1797, in dem eine eigenständige Geometrie entwickelt wird, die ausschließlich auf Zirkelkonstruktionen basiert, wurde vom Autor selbst als Rückschritt hinter die “Demarkationslinie” der euklidischen Geometrie beschrieben. In seinem Werk, so Mascheroni, betone er die praktischen Aspekte dieser Geometrie gegenüber einem rein theoretischen Ansatz. Ein Jahrhundert später schlugen David Hilbert und sein Schüler Michael Feldblum im Jahr 1899 einen völlig anderen Ansatz vor, und zwar einen algebraischen und axiomatischen für geometrische Konstruktionen, die auf verschiedenen Instrumenten basieren. Wenn man bedenkt, dass am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts auch eine Geometrie entwickelt wurde, die auf Linealkonstruktionen basiert, stellt sich die Frage, wie sich das Bild der instrumentenbasierten Geometrie im 19. Jahrhundert entwickelte. Indem sich mein Beitrag auf Mascheronis Buch und dessen Rezeption konzentriert, möchte er die verschiedenen Ansichten und Auffassungen relevanter Mathematiker im Untersuchungszeitraum hinsichtlich dieser Geometrie näher untersuchen.

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Authors & Contributors
Hallett, Michael
Patergnani, Elisa
Xin Bai
Giovannini, Eduardo N.
Lorenat, Jemma
Zachariasen, Martin
Journals
Perspectives on Science
Historia Mathematica
Archive for History of Exact Sciences
Isis: International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society
British Journal for the History of Science
Publishers
Springer-Verlag
Springer
Professional Surveyors Publishing Co.
Octavo Corp
Johns Hopkins University Press
Concepts
Geometry
Mathematics
Compasses
Scientific apparatus and instruments
Mathematicians
Embodied knowledge
People
Hilbert, David
Galilei, Galileo
Malfatti, Gian Francesco
Steiner, Jakob
Schur, Friedrich Heinrich
Poncelet, Jean Victor
Time Periods
19th century
20th century, early
18th century
17th century
Ancient
Places
New South Wales (Australia)
United States
Italy
France
China
Great Britain
Institutions
National Maritime Museum (Great Britain)
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