Between the 13th and 16th centuries, new theories of mathematical ratios and proportions developed in Europe, which, while rooted in traditions dating back to Euclid and Nicomachus, went beyond them by proposing new objects such as the naming of ratios, whether rational or irrational, or the ratios of ratios. A special place is given in this book to Nicole Oresme's treatise On the ratios of ratios, which, in the wake of Thomas Bradwardine's work, proposes an innovative theory of great mathematical interest. We will see how this theory was accepted or rejected, in particular by Blaise de Parme, Alvares Thomas or Pedro Nuñez. The first translated and commented critical edition of Nicole Oresme's Algorismus proportionum is appended to this work.
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