Pedro e Jorge Reinel (at.1504-60). Dois cartógrafos negros na côrte de d. Manuel de Portugal (1495-1521). Pedro and Jorge Reinel (at.1504-60). Two black cartographers in the court of d. Manuel of Portugal (1495-1521) (2015)
Na côrte dos reis D. João II e D. Manuel I de Portugal, ponto de encontro de gentes de todas as raças e proveniências, os escravos negros da Senegâmbia e Guiné, batizados, instruídos e casados com criadas mestiças ou até brancas, formavam uma elite, em que os mais aptos poderiam especializar-se em variados ofícios, de criados da alta nobreza a músicos e artistas. De 1470-80 até c.1540, distinguiu-se um grupo de habilíssimos entalhadores de marfim da Serra Leoa, criadores da arte híbrida chamada “afro-portuguesa” - primeiro exemplo duma arte colonial de origem europeia desde os Fenícios e Romanos... Pela sua inteligência no desenho e alta capacidade técnica, os filhos recebiam educação na escola do Paço, eram libertos e podiam seguir uma profissão liberal. Deve ter sido esse o caso de Pedro Reinel, ou “reinol” (i.e, já nascido no Reino), e seu filho Jorge, formados nas Matemáticas e Cosmografia, que viriam a tornar-se os fundadores e melhores representantes da “escola” de Cartografia manuelina. A esses dois negros oriundos da Serra Leoa devemos a primeira representação detalhada e realista do litoral do Brasil, e uma imagem mítica do seu interior. [English translation: In the court of kings John II (1481-95) and Manuel I (1495-1521) of Portugal, a melting pot of people of all races and origins, African slaves from Senegambia and Guinea, baptized, instructed and married to Portuguese women, of mixed blood or white, formed a true elite, where the most qualified could specialize in many crafts, up to musicians and artists. From 1470/80 till c.1540, a group of extremely skilled ivory carvers brought from Sierra Leone became distinguished, and created the "afro-portuguese" art (that we prefer to call "sapi-manueline"), the earliest example of an hybrid art of European origin since the Romans. Thanks to their intelligence in drawing and very high technical expertise, their sons could receive an education in the Palace School, be free and become liberal professionals. It must have been the case of Pedro Reinel, or "reinol" (i.e., born in the Realm) and his son Jorge, who received the best instruction in Mathematics and Cartography, eventually becoming the founders and greatest names of Manueline cartographic school. To these two negroes from Sierra Leone we owe the first detailed, realistic representation of Brazil's coast, as well as a mythical image (based on Tupinambá informations) of its interior. ]
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