Introduction: Commercializing science: nineteenth- and twentieth-century academic scientists as consultants, patentees, and entrepreneurs (2017)
Mercelis, Joris (Author)
Galvez-Behar, Gabriel (Author)
Guagnini, Anna (Author)
History and Technology
Volume: 33
Issue: 1
Pages: 4-22
Edition Details: Special Issue: Commercializing Science: Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Academic Scientists as Consultants, Patentees, and Entrepreneurs
Language: English
The collection of essays introduced in this article contributes to the debate on the commercialization of academic science by shifting the focus from institutional developments meant to foster university technology transfer to the actions of individual scientists. Instead of searching for the origins of the ‘entrepreneurial university,’ this special issue examines the personal involvement of academic physicists, engineers, photographic scientists, and molecular biologists in three types of commercial activity: consulting, patenting, and full-blown business entrepreneurship. The authors investigate how this diverse group of teachers and researchers perceived their institutional and professional environments, their career prospects, the commercial value of their knowledge and reputation, and their ability to exploit these assets. By documenting academic scientists’ response to market opportunities, the articles suggest that, already in the decades around 1900, commercial work was widespread and, in some cases, integral to academics’ teaching and research activity.
...MoreArticle Joris Mercelis (2017) Commercializing academic knowledge and reputation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: photography and beyond. History and Technology (pp. 23-52).
Article Shaul Katzir (2017) Technological entrepreneurship from patenting to commercializing: a survey of late nineteenth and early twentieth century physics lecturers. History and Technology (pp. 109-125).
Article Anna Guagnini (2017) Ivory towers? The commercial activity of British professors of engineering and physics, 1880–1914. History and Technology (pp. 70-108).
Article Wolfgang König (2017) Engineering professors as entrepreneurs: the case of Franz Reuleaux (1829–1905) and Alois Riedler (1850–1936). History and Technology (pp. 53-69).
Article Brian Dick; Mark Jones (2017) The commercialization of molecular biology: Walter Gilbert and the Biogen startup. History and Technology (pp. 126-151).
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