Article ID: CBB177766978

‘Many Great Treasures’ of ‘Great Beauty’, or ‘Crude and Cramped’? The Appraisal of ‘Nineveh’s Remains’ by Austen Henry Layard, Stratford Canning, and Henry Rawlinson (2018)

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One need only point to the destruction caused to the archaeological sites of Iraq and Syria by Islamic State to see an example of the role heritage plays in the construction of identities, and of a past serving a contemporary agenda. Credit for the ‘discovery’ of the antiquities of Mesopotamia goes to Paul-Émile Botta (1802–1870), and Austen Henry Layard (1817–1894). Most British scholars had long considered the Mesopotamian antiquities to be inferior to Greco-Roman antiquities. Before the 1840’s, this group of upper-class critics had been the most important public of the British Museum. During the middle of the nineteenth-century, however, Layard’s Assyrian remains became both symbols of, and stakes in, a struggle for wider public access. Their rejection by the critics was contrasted with both historical and aesthetic admiration by the middle- and working classes. Simultaneously, the critics stood on one side of a developing rift between themselves and the archaeologists of a new discipline. In this article I analyse the appraisal of the Mesopotamian sculptures through a critical appraisal of the historiography and an analysis of the Layard Papers, in order to gain a better insight into the reception of the Assyrian antiquities in Victorian Great-Britain.

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Authors & Contributors
Zimmerman, Virginia Lee-Alice
Malley, Shawn
Muthana, Angela
Moulds, Alison
Freeman, P. W. M.
Willis, Martin
Concepts
Archaeology
Science and literature
Science and culture
Excavations (archaeology)
Identity
Museums
Time Periods
19th century
20th century, early
20th century
18th century
17th century
Medieval
Places
Great Britain
Mesopotamia
Germany
Gibraltar
Central America
France
Institutions
Royal Anthropological Institute
University College, London
Pitt Rivers Museum (University of Oxford)
British Museum
Oxford University
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford
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