Delgado, Juan Luis (Author)
En este artículo se explora la construcción de la tecnología aplicada para extraer y transformar la resina de pino. La intención es analizar una parte específica de la tecnología, definida como un conjunto de elementos heterogéneos, para intentar llegar a comprender qué es, cómo se hace, y cuáles son sus límites y alcances. Fue entre los siglos XVIII y XIX en las Landas de Gascuña, al suroeste del país, donde se concibió esta tecnología (una de las más imitadas en el espectro resinero mundial contemporáneo). Se estudian las razones para consumir resina en un contexto de crecimiento industrial del sector químico, lo que a su vez obligó a modelar una nueva forma técnica y organizativa tanto en la fábrica como en el monte, lo cual estaba también siendo modificado por las nuevas disposiciones legales para aprovechar el bosque a través de un inequívoco fomento de lo forestal por parte del estado. La principal conclusión es que la tecnología resinera fue construida a partir de dos polos opuestos: el mercado y el estado. Las necesidades industriales requeridas por el mercado y las condiciones de acceso y gestión del bosque impuestas por el estado convergieron en un punto: las técnicas de recolección de la resina en el pino. Por esta razón Pierre Hugues, el promotor del dispositivo finalmente adoptado para la recolección, ha pasado a la historia como el innovador por antonomasia del sector resinero francés. This article explores the construction of the technology applied to extract and process pine resin. It tries to analyze a specific branch of technology, defined as a set of heterogeneous elements, in order to understand what it is, how it is made, and what are its limits and scopes. This technology was conceived between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in the Landes of Gascony (Southwest France), and was one of the most imitated in the world resin spectrum. The paper studies the reasons for using pine resin in a context of industrial growth in the chemical sector, which gave rise to a new technical and organizational form both in the factory and in the forest. These practices were also promoted by means of new governmental legal provi- sions for promotion of forestry. The main conclusion is that pine resin technology was built from two opposite poles, the market and the state: industrial needs and state forest management regulations converged in one point, namely, the collection techniques of pine resin. For this reason, Pierre Hugues, the developer of the finally adopted pine resin collection device, has gone down in history as the most outstanding innovator of French pine resin sector.
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