Article ID: CBB170446293

The Craft and Code Binary: Before, During, and After (2023)

unapi

This chapter articulates the binary between craft and code that animates the volume as a whole. This binary was developed in the nineteenth century (although precedents can be identified much earlier), when it became an important element in debates about factory rationality, industrialization, and empire. It was subsequently adopted by historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science, becoming a key ingredient in the “science studies” that emerged in the 1960s–1990s. Debates about “learning” cross-fertilized with work in early artificial intelligence, such that notions of craft and code helped structure the development of algorithmic culture itself. Subsequent machine learning practices further complicated this relationship. Human/AI assemblages can no longer be comprehended in terms of a binary that may have been appropriate for earlier conceptions of human reasoning and mechanistic algorithms. Transcending that binary is critical not only for understanding the current algorithmic age but also for governing its evolution.

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Includes Series Articles

Article James Evans; Adrian Johns (2023) Introduction: How and Why to Historicize Algorithmic Cultures. Osiris: A Research Journal Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences (pp. 1-15). unapi

Included in

Article James Evans; Adrian Johns (2023) Introduction: How and Why to Historicize Algorithmic Cultures. Osiris: A Research Journal Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences (pp. 1-15). unapi

Citation URI
https://data.isiscb.org/isis/citation/CBB170446293/

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Authors & Contributors
Asaro, Peter M.
Copeland, B. Jack
Jones, Matthew L.
Stevens, Hallam
Yoshua Bengio
Roberto Pieraccini
Journals
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine
Laboratorio dell'ISPF
Acta Historica Leopoldina
Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences
Osiris: A Research Journal Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
Publishers
MIT Press
Carocci Editore
New York University Press
Concepts
Artificial intelligence
Machine learning
Human-machine interaction
Technology and society
Technology and ethics
Algorithms
People
Turing, Alan Mathison
Time Periods
21st century
20th century, late
20th century
Places
Great Britain
United States
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