Nicholas Honerkamp (Author)
In 1859, Bluff Furnace, a traditional charcoal-fired, hot blast furnace located in Chattanooga, Tennessee, was converted into a cupola-type furnace that used coke as its fuel. This transformation represented an innovative, almost radical shift in industrial technology for the southern Appalachian region. Both the success and failure of the shift at Bluff Furnace are linked to larger economic, political, technological, and ecological forces and conditions present in the South on the eve of the Civil War. It is argued that research at sites such as Bluff Furnace compel archeologists to examine past cultural dynamics in order to explain adequately specific features of industrial sites.
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