William Sissons (Author)
Capitalists, engineers, and workers transformed the products', scale, and technology of the American steel industry between 1867, when successful mass production of steel began in the United States, and 1901, when the United States Steel Corporation was organized. Capitalists such as Andrew Carnegie greatly expanded the size of plants in Pennsylvania, erecting huge steel mills that dwarfed the earlier iron and steel furnaces and rolling mills they outmoded. These plants manufactured a broad array of new steel products—including rails, structural shapes, wire, plate, sheet, and tubes—that supplanted many products manufactured of other materials, most notably iron. Engineers such as Alexander Holley created technological processes—including steelmaking furnaces, larger and more efficient iron blast furnaces, continuous rolling, improved materials handling, and integrated stages of production—in order to manufacture larger quantities of steel products more quickly at lower cost. Capitalists and engineers pioneered many of these revolutionary changes in Pennsylvania. The Commonwealth led all states in creating and adopting new technology, including the first successful mass production of steel at Steelton in 1867, the erection of new steel plants, and the manufacture of a wide variety of steel products. Pennsylvania, particularly the Pittsburgh area, was the heart of the nation's steel industry in this period.
...MoreArticle Thomas E. Leary; Patrick M. Malone (1992) Men and Tongs: The Belgian Rod Mill at the Washburn Wire Company, East Providence, Rhode Island. IA. The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology (pp. 106-122).
Article Joel Sabadasz (1992) The Development of Modern Blast Furnace Practice: The Monongahela Valley Furnaces of the Carnegie Steel Company, 1872-1913. IA. The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology (pp. 94-105).
Article Robert B. Gordon (1992) Industrial Archeology of American Iron and Steel. IA. The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology (pp. 5-18).
Article Edward S. Rutsch; Brian H. Morrell (1992) An Industrial Archeological Survey of the Long Pond Ironworks, West Milford Township, Passaic County, New Jersey. IA. The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology (pp. 40-60).
Article Helen Schenck (1992) The Upper Forge at Valley Forge. IA. The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology (pp. 19-39).
Article Victor R. Rolando (1992) Vermont's 18th- and 19th-Century Blast Furnace Remains. IA. The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology (pp. 61-78).
Article
John H. Kopmeier;
(2008)
From Mayville to Milwaukee: The Visual Culture of the Iron and Steel Industry in Southeastern Wisconsin
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Clayton J. Ruminski;
(2012)
From Mary Furnace to Sharon Steel: Evolution and Integration of the United States' Last Manually Filled Blast Furnace, 1845–1963
(/isis/citation/CBB967678044/)
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David L. Salay;
(2000)
"... as important and vital to successful mining, as the sap is to the tree": The Dorrance Colliery Fan Complex, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
(/isis/citation/CBB132956154/)
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Bruce E. Seely;
(1981)
Blast Furnace Technology in the Mid-19th Century: A Case Study of the Adirondack Iron and Steel Company
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Article
Robert B. Gordon;
Michael S. Raber;
(1984)
An Early American Integrated Steelworks
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David Landon;
Patrick Martin;
Andrew Sewell;
Paul White;
Timothy Tumberg;
Jason Menard;
(2001)
"... A Monument to Misguided Enterprise": The Carp River Bloomery Iron Forge
(/isis/citation/CBB135813963/)
Article
Nicholas Honerkamp;
(1987)
Innovation and Change in the Antebellum Southern Iron Industry: An Example from Chattanooga, Tennessee
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Article
Victor R. Rolando;
(1992)
Vermont's 18th- and 19th-Century Blast Furnace Remains
(/isis/citation/CBB896077709/)
Article
Malcolm R. Hill;
(2016)
Russian Iron Production from the Repeal of Serfdom to the First World War
(/isis/citation/CBB097114117/)
Article
David P. Staley;
Peter R. Mills;
Steven P. Lundblad;
(2012)
"I trust there will be no failure...": The Importance of Bricks and Brickmaking at the Adirondack Iron and Steel Company's Upper Works
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Article
Jadviga M. da Costa Nunes;
(2002)
Pennsylvania's Anthracite Mines and Miners: A Portrait of the Industry in America Art, c. 1860-1940
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Article
Jadviga M. da Costa Nunes;
(2008)
From Monuments to Memory Sites: Representing Pennsylvania's Anthracite Industry in Public Sculpture, 1855-2010
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Article
Amy Slaton;
(1996)
Aesthetics of a Modern Industry: Buildings of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad's Scranton Yards
(/isis/citation/CBB628277884/)
Article
Brian Schmult;
(2016)
Evolution of the Hopewell Furnace Blast Machinery
(/isis/citation/CBB866186796/)
Article
Donald W. Linebaugh;
(2000)
Forging a Career: Roland W. Robbins and Iron Industry Sites in the Northeastern U.S
(/isis/citation/CBB759909351/)
Article
Susanna C. Kuo;
Rick Minor;
(2016)
The Oswego Furnace: Industrial Archaeology at the First Iron Works on the Pacific Coast
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Article
Scott D. Heberling;
(2015)
The Archaeology of Failure: An Example from the Juniata Iron District of Pennsylvania
(/isis/citation/CBB238601336/)
Article
Steven A. Walton;
(2015)
Machinery to Match the Materials: Iron Ore Washing in Pennsylvania
(/isis/citation/CBB992440205/)
Article
Dan Trepal;
(2009)
The Gun Foundry Recast
(/isis/citation/CBB613420081/)
Article
Terry S. Reynolds;
(1989)
A Narrow Window of Opportunity: The Rise and Fall of the Fixed Steel Dam
(/isis/citation/CBB855460391/)
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