This chapter discusses the role of lifestyle and behavior in health and disease. The authors suggest that therapeutic approaches should be holistic, involving body and mind. In recent times, many new approaches such as behavioral medicine, lifestyle medicine, mind–body medicine, and mindfulness have emerged. This may be due to growing dissatisfaction with current drugs, and their limitations to treat psychosomatic conditions. Most of them draw from traditional knowledge systems like Ayurveda, yoga, tai chi, and qigong, among others. Ayurvedic therapeutics involves drugs, diet, and lifestyle advice as a part of a healthy living doctrine known as Swasthavritta; and body cleansing detox procedures known as Panchakarma. Yoga involves physical exercise and mental interventions through specific postures, and meditation. Integrative approaches involving biomedicine, Ayurveda, and yoga can offer effective remedies for chronic, psychosomatic, and lifestyle-related diseases. A few case studies related to the application of lifestyle medicine in health care are discussed.
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