The institutional beginning of the medical education in colonial India neither originated from metropolitan models nor due to indigenous precedents but the development of medical profession was the result of military requirements of the British empire. The first General Hospital was established in Madras in the latter half of seventeenth century and the purpose was to treat the sick soldiers of the East India Company. The institutionalisation of medical education began with the establishment of a Medical School in 1835. Beginning from this, the medical instruction developed in the presidency of Madras and became one of the most sought professions after law. As the number of students increased in the profession of medicine, the stringent qualification criteria were imposed for admission and subsequently the graduates faced unemployment. By 1930s, unemployment was evident among the medical students and a committee was set up to investigate the issue. However, the historiography on the development of professions is silent in this regard. Viewed in this context, the present paper tries to study the development of medical profession and contextualises the problem of unemployment among the medical graduates in Madras Presidency.
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