Despite longstanding speculation concerning the harnessing of atomic energy, the prospect of doing so was not a foregone conclusion upon the discovery of fission in late 1938. Many aspects of the new phenomenon such as secondary neutrons, cross-sections, and energetics had to be investigated before the feasibility of nuclear reactors or explosives could be established. Here, experimental and theoretical developments in the 18 months following the discovery of fission are summarized; these develeopments laid the groundwork for wartime nuclear programs.
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