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Article ID: CBB099743658

The electroshock triangle: Disputes about the ECT apparatus prototype and its display in the 1960s (2020)

Sirgiovanni, Elisabetta (Author)
Aruta, Alessandro (Author)

History of Psychiatry
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
Pages: 311-324

DOI: 10.1177/0957154X20916147

URI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X20916147

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Medicine and ethics Controversies and disputes Medical instruments and apparatus Electroconvulsive therapy; electroshock therapy Therapeutic practice; therapy; treatment Psychiatry 20th century, late Rome (Italy) Kansas (U.S.)

In the early 1960s, a climate of public condemnation of electroconvulsive therapy was emerging in the USA and Europe. In spite of this, the electroshock apparatus prototype, introduced in Rome in 1938, was becoming hotly contended. This article explores the disputes around the display of the electroshock apparatus prototype in the summer of 1964 and sheds new light on the triangle of personalities that shaped its future: Karl and William Menninger, two key figures of American psychiatry in Topeka; their competitor, Adalberto Pazzini, the founder of the Sapienza Museum of the History of Medicine in Rome; and, between them, Lucio Bini, one of the original inventors of ECT, who died unexpectedly that summer.

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