Article ID: CBB097114117

Russian Iron Production from the Repeal of Serfdom to the First World War (2016)

unapi

This paper describes the development of the Russian iron industry from the repeal of serfdom in 1861 to the First World War. It continues previous research on Russian iron production from the beginning of the eighteenth century and completes an account of the industry during the years of Tsarist rule. The paper explains that although bar iron remained as the preferred forgeable ferrous material in Russia up to the mid-1890s and the Urals remained as the largest regional producer, three significant events occurred during the middle of that decade through changes in technology and industrial location: bar iron production was surpassed by that of steel which then retained its dominant position; the south of the Empire (but chiefly present-day Ukraine) emerged as the majority regional producer of pig iron; and, as a consequence, the production of coke-smelted pig iron surpassed that from charcoalbased technologies although both charcoal and firewood remained as important fuels in the Ural region. Furthermore, Ukrainian ironworks were far larger and more modern than most of their Uralian counterparts. The paper concludes that although Russian pig iron production was far out-stripped by that of America, Germany and Britain immediately prior to the First World War, the industry had accumulated many years of experience in the production of a high-quality product, the majority of its infrastructure was modern, and its rate of expansion had been fast. The Soviet government consequently inherited a long-established skill- and asset-base in 1917 which, although damaged by the ravages of civil war from 1917-1921, provided a foundation for rapid expansion in the 1930s.

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Authors & Contributors
Gordon, Robert B.
Ruminski, Clayton J.
Seely, Bruce Edsall
John H. Kopmeier
Paul White
Ross F. Allen
Concepts
Iron and iron industry
Industrial archaeology
Blast furnaces
Iron, Cast
Charcoal and charcoal industry
Slag
Time Periods
19th century
18th century
20th century
20th century, early
17th century
Places
United States
Youngstown, OH
Connecticut (U.S.)
Mahoning River Valley
Oswego, OR
Carp River
Institutions
West Point Foundry
Adirondack Iron and Steel Company
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