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Article ID: CBB081060778

Broca’s faculté du langage articulé: Language or Praxis? (2016)

Eling, Paul (Author)

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
Volume: 25
Issue: 2
Pages: 169-187

URI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2015.1041347

DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2015.1041347

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Aphasia Speech 19th century Broca, Paul Gall, Franz Joseph Bouillaud, Jean Baptiste

De Oliveira-Souza, Moll, and Tovar-Moll (this issue) historically reevaluate that Paul Broca’s aphemia should be considered as a kind of apraxia rather than aphasia. I argue that such a claim is unwarranted, given the interpretation of the faculty of speech Broca derived from his predecessors, Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud and Franz Joseph Gall, and also with a view on the then generally held opinion that the terms aphémie and aphasie were synonyms. I will discuss evidence that patients such as Leborgne, producing only very few words or syllables, suffer from a global aphasia, affecting all modalities, despite Broca’s statement that Leborgne’s comprehension was intact. I also point to Broca’s claim that the faculty of speech, located in the left anterior hemisphere, is independent from hand preference because it is an intellectual and not a motor function, and to his statement that the cerebral convolutions are not motor organs. I finally contend that, in order to determine whether a given language problem should be labeled as aphasia or apraxia, it is crucial to first be clear on the components of old and new models of language production.

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