Schleyer, Paul von Rague (Author)
Mainz, Vera V. (Author)
Strom, E. Thomas (Author)
The proposal by Winstein and Trifan that the 2-exo-norbornyl cation has a bridged, non-classical structure initiated a number of investigations into this system. In 1962, H. C. Brown entered into the fray by proposing a pair of rapidly-equilibrating cations and steric effects as alternative explanations. The 2-norbonyl cation was investigated via rate studies, nmr experiments, theoretical calculations, and other methods over a number of years by a number of workers. While the X-ray determination of the 2-exo-norbornyl structure by Scholz et al. (Science, 2013, 341, 62) brought long overdue closure to the vituperative structure controversy, this chapter summarizes other remarkable issues currently engaging research groups worldwide. Unexpectedly, Duncan et al.’s gas phase protonation of norbornene gives the 1,3-dimethylcyclopentyl cation, the C7H11+ global minimum. Merino et al.’s molecular dynamics simulations reveal many acyclic as well as monocyclic intermediates along the reaction pathway. Finally, the 2-endo-norbornyl cation also has a bridged minimum, but “leakage” to the 2-exo cation has a very low barrier. This bridging of the 2-endo cation explains products found from the reaction of α-pinene with acetic acid. Thus, even at this late date, norbornyl cation isomers still fascinate.
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