Chapter ID: CBB079005845

Norbornyl Cation Isomers Still Fascinate (2015)

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The proposal by Winstein and Trifan that the 2-exo-norbornyl cation has a bridged, non-classical structure initiated a number of investigations into this system. In 1962, H. C. Brown entered into the fray by proposing a pair of rapidly-equilibrating cations and steric effects as alternative explanations. The 2-norbonyl cation was investigated via rate studies, nmr experiments, theoretical calculations, and other methods over a number of years by a number of workers. While the X-ray determination of the 2-exo-norbornyl structure by Scholz et al. (Science, 2013, 341, 62) brought long overdue closure to the vituperative structure controversy, this chapter summarizes other remarkable issues currently engaging research groups worldwide. Unexpectedly, Duncan et al.’s gas phase protonation of norbornene gives the 1,3-dimethylcyclopentyl cation, the C7H11+ global minimum. Merino et al.’s molecular dynamics simulations reveal many acyclic as well as monocyclic intermediates along the reaction pathway. Finally, the 2-endo-norbornyl cation also has a bridged minimum, but “leakage” to the 2-exo cation has a very low barrier. This bridging of the 2-endo cation explains products found from the reaction of α-pinene with acetic acid. Thus, even at this late date, norbornyl cation isomers still fascinate.

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Authors & Contributors
Saltzman, Martin D.
Strom, E. Thomas
Causá, Mauro
Eberhart, Mark
Fisher, Grant
Gal, Joseph
Journals
Bulletin for the History of Chemistry
Foundations of Chemistry
Chirality: The Pharmacological, Biological, and Chemical Consequences of Molecular Asymmetry
Indian Journal of History of Science
Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
Publishers
American Chemical Society
Harvard University
Bloomsbury Academic
Springer
Concepts
Physical chemistry
Organic chemistry
Molecular structure
Chemistry
Philosophy of science
Biographies
People
Ingold, Christopher
Baker, John William
Bartlett, Paul Doughty
Bergman, Torbern Olof
Brown, Herbert Charles
Dewar, James
Time Periods
20th century, early
20th century, late
21st century
20th century
19th century
18th century
Places
France
Institutions
American Chemical Society
California Institute of Technology
Leeds University (UK)
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