In 2000 Steve Fuller attempted to derive a philosophical history for our times, based on the book by Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996), Structure of Scientific Revolutions published in 1962. Within this context he stated that scientific discovery is not recognized as such unless it can be justified as issuing from the history of relevant science. As the standard case in point Fuller presented Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), whose peabreeding experiments were neglected for forty years. In 1900 he was ‘rediscovered as the father of modern genetics’. Kuhn found it most striking that natural scientists usually could agree on how to evaluate a piece of research, typically by reference to an earlier exemplar that the research was said to resemble. From this insight grew his protean term, paradigm, which he deemed necessary for the conduct of ‘normal science’. Paradigm acquisition, the model upon which scientific training is based, requires a commitment so deep that scientists cannot readily change their research orientation afterward in the face of mounting anomalies that resist paradigmatic treatment. Kuhn’s Structure helped to level hierarchies of scientific disciplines and overturn inappropriate methodological standards, thereby contributing to the climate of pluralism that continues to flourish in most systems of higher education. Historians and sociologists of science have turned structure into the new research program known as the sociology of scientific knowledge and the interdisciplinary field of science and technology studies, science studies, for short. Within this context the origin of the research question of heredity and its explanation by Mendel can now be attempted to be elucidated.
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