Article
ID: CBB060848255

Extending the rails: How research reshapes clinics (2011)

unapi
Comparison Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) Medicine Standards and standardization Clinical trials Field work Science and technology studies (STS) Diffusion of innovation; diffusion of knowledge; diffusion of technology 21st century United States Uganda South Africa Thailand

The purpose of clinical research is to create the scientific foundation for medical practice. In this way of thinking, the effect on medical practice occurs after the research has been completed. Social studies of science have debunked the standard model of scientific research, observing that changes in practice associated with research occur not just because of the results of research but also because of the practice of research. Drawing on fieldwork in HIV clinics in the US, South Africa, Thailand, and Uganda, we argue that clinical trials shape medical practice by altering the organizations in which both medical treatment and clinical trials take place. Three general processes are central to this transformation: the modification of material environments, the reorganization of bureaucratic relations, and the prioritization of research values. These processes unfold somewhat differently in the clinics of poorer countries than in those of wealthier ones.

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Authors & Contributors
Sandra Calkins
Baur, Nicole
Eyler, John M.
Knaapen, Loes
Nattrass, Nicoli
Shrum, Wesley
Journals
Social Studies of Science
Science as Culture
Science, Technology, and Human Values
East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
Medical History
Publishers
Columbia University Press
Palgrave Macmillan
Concepts
Medicine
Science and technology studies (STS)
Clinical trials
Standards and standardization
Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV)
Research
Time Periods
21st century
20th century, late
20th century
20th century, early
Places
Uganda
South Africa
Africa
India
Europe
Malay; Malaysia
Institutions
American Public Health Association
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