La logique est-elle une science de classification? Sur une crise de la classification dans la logique au xixe siècle (2016)
Chevalier, Jean-Marie (Author)
Cahiers François Viète Center for Epistemology and History of Science and Technology (CFV)
Issue: III-1
Pages: 61-81
Usually, classification is said to belong to the study of logic. On what grounds? One might answer in assuming that logic essentially operates on classes, and that as such it is the general science of classifications. It is the conception that classical logic had conveyed since Aristotle and even more since Porphyrius. These habits were shaken up by 19th century science. On the one hand, empirical sciences were creating taxonomies independent of the abstract and a priori knowledge provided by logicians, up to the point that these latter rather came to borrow methods to chemistry, botanic or mineralogy. On the other hand, the development of symbolic logic renewed the understanding of logic itself: far from being a general theory of classification, it may resort to the classification of its own objects (sets, functions, symbols and so on).
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