Le costellazioni e i loro miti al tempo di Carlo Magno. Il contributo della tradizione aratea alla conoscenza del cielo in età carolingia (2024)
Santoni, Anna (Author)
Edizioni ETS
Physical Details: 232 pp.
Language: Italian
Quando si recita la preghiera più importante per i cristiani, si dice “Padre nostro che sei nei cieli”, ma se il cristiano alza gli occhi al cielo notturno, ancora oggi lo trova occupato in gran parte dalle costellazioni pagane: le Orse, il Serpente, Ercole, la Corona, la Lira, etc., una quarantina di figure, ognuna delle quali ha la sua origine nelle vicende degli dèi antichi, Zeus, Posidone, Ermes, Apollo, Dioniso, Atena, Afrodite. Esse disegnano un cielo che risale almeno a Eudosso di Cnido (IV sec. a.C.) ed è il cielo degli astronomi classici, incluso Tolomeo. La trasmissione di questa mappa celeste, però, non è stata un processo continuo e lineare. Nell’occidente cristiano, l’età carolingia (IX-X sec.) rappresenta un momento critico da questo punto di vista: nel rifiorire degli studi, la conoscenza delle costellazioni classiche, che era rimasta ai margini nell’astronomia degli ultimi secoli, viene ripresa e diffusa, superando anche l’ostilità cristiana per la mitologia celeste pagana. Il racconto ci porta nei monasteri del regno dei Franchi, dove il poema Fenomeni di Arato di Soli, con i suoi commenti e le sue traduzioni latine, offre informazioni sistematiche che vengono recuperate e diffuse: la descrizione delle figure, la loro posizione una rispetto all’altra, il catalogo delle stelle, e perfino i miti, che conservano in cielo il ricordo del potere degli antichi dèi. [Abstract translated by Google Translate: This is the abstract in English… When the most important prayer for Christians is recited, we say "Our Father who art in heaven", but if the Christian raises his eyes to the night sky, even today he finds it occupied largely by the pagan constellations: the Bears, the Serpent , Hercules, the Crown, the Lyre, etc., about forty figures, each of which has its origins in the events of the ancient gods, Zeus, Poseidon, Hermes, Apollo, Dionysus, Athena, Aphrodite. They draw a sky that dates back at least to Eudoxus of Cnidus (4th century BC) and is the sky of classical astronomers, including Ptolemy. The transmission of this celestial map, however, was not a continuous and linear process. In the Christian West, the Carolingian age (9th-10th century) represents a critical moment from this point of view: in the revival of studies, the knowledge of the classical constellations, which had remained on the margins in the astronomy of recent centuries, was revived and widespread, even overcoming Christian hostility towards pagan celestial mythology. The story takes us to the monasteries of the kingdom of the Franks, where the poem Phenomena by Arato di Soli, with its comments and its Latin translations, offers systematic information that is recovered and disseminated: the description of the figures, their position in relation to the the other, the catalog of the stars, and even the myths, which preserve in the sky the memory of the power of the ancient gods.]
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