Article ID: CBB036070424

Microstructural analysis and characterization of lime mortar of seventeenth century Raigad hill fort from western India (2021)

unapi

The hill fort of Raigad is a massive historical structure constructed with basaltic stone blocks and cemented together with lime mortar. The lime mortar samples from the fort were examined using a petrological microscope, grain size distribution, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM–EDX). The mineralogical and compositional characteristic of the mortar was analyzed to provide a compatible repair mix for large scale restoration. Aggregates derived from weathering of basaltic rocks of Sahyadri hills were sourced from the vicinity of the fort. Non-hydraulic aerial lime of moderate porosity was specifically used in India's highly rain-fed Western Ghats for rapid evaporation of water and to prevent the build-up of salts. Thin section analysis and FTIR results indicate the use of organic proteinaceous material during the preparation of lime. FTIR analysis also showed the disorder in the man-made calcite crystals while XRD and SEM–EDX analysis elucidated the mixing of quartz and plagioclase feldspar derived from basaltic aggregates in the calcite matrix. The present study gives a holistic approach to prepare a compatible mortar for restoration.

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https://data.isiscb.org/isis/citation/CBB036070424/

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Authors & Contributors
Sheila Palomares Alarcón
William J. Glover
R. V. Achari
Tutton, Michael
Gokhan Tunc
Wayne F. Lorenz
Concepts
Building construction
Architecture
Building engineering
Cement; lime; concrete
Technology
Geometry
Time Periods
20th century, early
20th century
19th century
17th century
18th century
Early modern
Places
India
United States
Spain
Europe
Middle and Near East
Mozambique
Institutions
United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
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