Goldstein, Bernard R. (Author)
Hon, Giora (Editor)
Physis: Rivista Internazionale di Storia della Scienza
Volume: 49
Pages: 259-272
This article addresses the transformation of an illustration for the atom to the icon for atomic energy, with emphasis on the role of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission in 1949 and President Eisenhower’s “Atoms for Peace” initiative that began in 1953. The images of the atom with 3 or 4 electrons in orbits at the same level around a central nucleus never represented atomic theory, but they have become recognizable as symbols for atomic energy. While these images ultimately depend on a planetary model for atomic structure promoted by Sommerfeld (among others), the underlying theory was abandoned in 1925 when Heisenberg introduced Quantum Mechanics to replace the old Quantum Theory.
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