Article
ID: CBB011871977

Life-Restorations of Ammonites and the Challenges of Taxonomic Uniformitarianism (2017)

unapi
Models and modeling in science Science and art Fossils Biology Classification in biology 20th century, early 19th century

Ammonites were among the first life restorations of invertebrate fossil animals. These restorations appeared at around the same time (the 1830s)—and were executed by some of the same artists and scientists—as the earliest restorations of fossil vertebrates. As was the case for many of these vertebrates, ammonite restorations underwent major changes over the next century. These changes were associated with shifts in which living species were used as the basis for comparison with the extinct ammonites. The first models were argonauts (paper nautilus), because at the time they were better known than living Nautilus. By the mid-nineteenth century, Nautilus began to be used as a model, but with an ‘argonaut mode’ of life (floating on the surface). More modern-looking, subsurface restorations first appeared in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The issue of ‘taxonomic uniformitarianism’ remains a fundamental challenge for efforts to understand ammonite biology today, and this is reflected in the continuing variety of their restorations.

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Authors & Contributors
Amaya Maruri Palacín
Armocida, Emanuele
Mascardi, Chiara
Peter Wigley
David Aranda Gabrielli
Giusy Di Conza
Journals
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
Earth Sciences History: Journal of the History of the Earth Sciences Society
19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century
Leonardo
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
Interdisciplinary Science Reviews
Publishers
L'Erma di Bretschneider
Halsgrove
University of Chicago Press
Manchester University Press
Brill
Concepts
Science and art
Models and modeling in science
Biology
Wax modeling
Fossils
Anatomy
People
Tenchini, Lorenzo
Gatineau, Leon
Harris, Thaddeus Mason
Lodewijk Bolk
Hepworth, Barbara
Nash, Paul
Time Periods
19th century
20th century, early
20th century, late
20th century
18th century
21st century
Places
England
Italy
Great Britain
Tatra Mountains (Slovakia and Poland)
Wales
Boston (Massachusetts, U.S.)
Institutions
British Museum
Natural History Museum (London, England)
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