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Article ID: CBB011400565

Augustinus Ricius, On the Motion of the Eighth Sphere (2021)

Goldstein, Bernard R. (Author)
Chabás, José (Author)

Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Pages: 359-377

URI: http://muse.jhu.edu/article/846001

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In the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries the vast majority of European astronomers accepted the algorithm for the motion of the eighth sphere (the sphere of the fixed stars) included in the Parisian Alfonsine Tables which has two terms, one for uniform motion with a period of 49,000 years, and the other for a cyclical motion with a period of 7,000 years. Augustinus Ricius (fl. 1513), however, adhered to the tradition of uniform motion of the eighth sphere (now called precession) and Ricius concluded that the rate of precession lies between 1° in 66 years and 1° in 70 years. For 1° in 66 years, he depended on Levi ben Gerson (d. 1344) and Abraham Zacut (d. 1514). For 1° in 70 years, he depended on other Hebrew sources: Moses Maimonides (d. 1204), Abraham Ibn Ezra (d. 1167), and a story in the Babylonian Talmud about R. Gamaliel and R. Joshua. It is most unusual in early sixteenth-century astronomical texts to find citations of works directly from the original Hebrew and clearly Ricius had firsthand knowledge of them.

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