This paper examines the theory of vision of Alhazen (d. ca. 1041 CE, Cairo) as contained primarily in his Book of Optics. This is set in the context of probing his demonstrative and hypothetical-deductive procedures in experimentation and controlled testing, as grounded on the isomorphic entanglement of geometry with physics qua natural philosophy. An emphasis is placed on how he resolved the antique dispute over the nature of vision and light, when assessing the intromission and emission theories. This is complemented by elucidating his analysis of the physiological, neurological, and cognitive aspects of vision, besides the geometric modelling of the comportment of physical light rays as they enter into the eyes. The additional merits of his theory of vision are also evident in their protophenomenological dimensions in connection with analysing the embodiment and kinaesthetic engagement of the observer in the visually perceptible field, and in the perception of spatial depth. Another factor that is also accounted for in this line of inquiry relates to how visual perception generates verified knowledge about natural phenomena through observational data, which become epistemically validated by Alhazen when the empirical conditions of sight are controlled.
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