Article
ID: CBB005743945

Holz im Zeitalter von Kohle und Stahl: Zur Persistenz und Wandelbarkeit eines Werkstoffes in der Hochindustrialisierung. (Wood in the Age of Coal and Steel: On the Persistence and Changeability of a Material in High Industrialization) (2021)

unapi
Development of technology; change in technology Engineering, Materials Persistence of technology Industrialization Railroads Wood Hydraulic engineering Building Materials Mills and milling 20th century, early

Der Übergang ins Industriezeitalter basierte auf einer neuartigen Nutzung von Rohstoff en: Steinkohle ersetzte Holz als Brennstoff ; Eisen und Stahl stiegen zu neuen Schlüsselressourcen auf. Dieses klassische, materielle Industriali-sierungsverständnis haben technik- und umwelthistorische Forschungen in den letzten Jahren revidiert und diff erenziert. Sie sensibilisierten für regional und sektoral geprägte Industrialisierungspfade, die ein breites Panorama verschiedener Stoff e und Materialien repräsentierten und mitbedingten. Aller dings wurde noch nicht systematisch untersucht, welche Bedeutung der traditionellen Universalressource Holz im Industrialisierungsprozess zukam. In der Phase der deutschen Hochindustrialisierung war Holz als Brennebenso wie als Werkstoff allgegenwärtig; Holzforschung und chemische Industrie entwickelten den Stoff zum innovativen Industrierohstoff (z.B. Zellulose u. Faserstoff e) weiter. Im ersten Teil gibt der Beitrag einen Überblick über die Bedeutung von Holz in verschiedenen Bereichen der Holzverarbeitung und Holzanwendung um 1900. Im zweiten Teil rücken zwei Gewerbezweige in den Fokus, die mit Blick auf die Persistenz und Wandelbarkeit hölzerner Werkstoff e unterschiedliche Dynamiken aufzeigen: Zunächst geht es um neue Konjunkturen imprägnierter Bahnschwellen aus Holz im Eisenbahnoberbau; anschließend stehen Holzanwendungen im traditionellen Mühlen- und Wasserbau im Blickfeld. Die beiden Fallstudien legen ein weit gefächertes Tableau holzspezifi scher Technikkulturen im Industriezeitalter frei. Auf diese Weise trägt der Beitrag zu einem diff erenzierten Verständnis der stofflichen Dimensionen der Industrialisierung bei und präzisiert das Verhältnis von Alt und Neu inmitten dieser industriellen Transformationsphase. The transition into the industrial age was based on a novel usage of raw materials: Hard coal replaced wood as fuel; iron and steel became new key resources. In recent years this classical, material understanding of industrialization has been revised in various studies from the histories of technology and the environment. They raised awareness about paths of regional and sectoral industrialization that represented and delineated a broad panorama of different substances and materials. However, the importance that wood as the traditional universal resource had on industrialization has not been investigated systematically. At the height of the German industrialization, wood was pervasive as fuel and as raw material. Wood research and the chemical industry developed this natural substance into an innovative industrial raw material (e.g., cellulose and fiber).The first part of the article provides an overview of the importance of wood in various sectors of wood processing and applications at the dawn of the 20th century. The second part focuses on two branches that highlight different dynamics in the persistence and variability of wooden materials: First, it explores new booms in impregnated wooden railroad sleepers in railway superstructure. Then wood applications in traditional millwrighting and hydro-engineering are discussed. These two case studies reveal a wide range of wood-specific applications in the industrial age. In this way, the paper seeks to contribute toward a differentiated understanding of the material dimensions of industrialization and specifies the relationship between the old and the new in this transitional phase.

...More
Citation URI
https://data.isiscb.org/isis/citation/CBB005743945/

Similar Citations

Thesis Yuan Yi; (2020)
Malfunctioning Machinery: the Global Making of Chinese Cotton Mills, 1877-1937 (/isis/citation/CBB644327987/)

Article Streb, Jochen; Baten, Jörg; Yin, Shuxi; (2006)
Technological and Geographical Knowledge Spillover in the German Empire, 1877--1918 (/isis/citation/CBB000660459/)

Chapter Massimo Galtarossa; (2021)
Questioni di confine: mulini e pesca sul fiume Po a metà Settecento (/isis/citation/CBB490237644/)

Book Elleman, Bruce A.; Kotkin, Stephen; (2010)
Manchurian Railways and the Opening of China: An International History (/isis/citation/CBB001230985/)

Article Gregory, Ian N.; Henneberg, Jordi Martí; (2010)
The Railways, Urbanization, and Local Demography in England and Wales, 1825--1911 (/isis/citation/CBB001231856/)

Article Fang, Yibing; Qian, Wei; (2005)
The Hanyang Iron Works and China's Early Railway Construction: The Characters of China's Early Iron and Steel Industrialization (/isis/citation/CBB000630312/)

Article Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau; Alfonso Díez-Minguela; Jordi Martí-Henneberg; (2021)
Railroad Integration and Uneven Development on the European Periphery, 1870–1910 (/isis/citation/CBB567944359/)

Thesis Krishnan, Shekhar; (2013)
Empire's Metropolis Money Time & Space in Colonial Bombay, 1870--1930 (/isis/citation/CBB001567494/)

Thesis Hudson, John Adrian; (2005)
Chemistry and the British Railway Industry, 1830--1923 (/isis/citation/CBB001561887/)

Article Kerstin Enflo; Eduard Alvarez-Palau; Jordi Marti-Henneberg; (2018)
Transportation and regional inequality: the impact of railways in the Nordic countries, 1860–1960 (/isis/citation/CBB051717769/)

Article Wigfull, Phil; (2007)
The Dakeyne Disc Engine (/isis/citation/CBB000831460/)

Article John H. White; (1976)
Tracks and Timber (/isis/citation/CBB133955698/)

Book Serge Benoît; (2020)
D'eau et de feu : forges et énergie hydrauliqueXVIIIe-XXe siècle. Une histoire singulière de l'industrialisation française (/isis/citation/CBB719763603/)

Chapter Miranda, A. de; (2004)
Aesthetic Tradition and Ancient Technology: A Case Study of the Water Wheel (/isis/citation/CBB000401092/)

Article Tommy Jamison; (October 2022)
Manning the Torpedo Boats: How Gendered Insecurities Shaped Naval War in the United States and Britain, 1860–1900 (/isis/citation/CBB754269369/)

Article Zhang, Han-jing; (2006)
On Sun Yat-sen's thoughts about developing science and technology (/isis/citation/CBB000701099/)

Book Hsien-ch'un Wang; (2022)
Western Technology and China’s Industrial Development: Steamship Building in Nineteenth-Century China, 1828-1895 (/isis/citation/CBB498575681/)

Article Aylen, Jonathan; (2008)
Construction of the Shotton Wide Strip Mill (/isis/citation/CBB000831733/)

Article Kasper Schiølin; (August 2020)
Revolutionary dreams: Future essentialism and the sociotechnical imaginary of the fourth industrial revolution in Denmark (/isis/citation/CBB481449964/)

Article Michael Eckert; (2019)
Inspired by British inventions: Joseph von Baader (1763–1835) — a Bavarian engineer fighting a losing battle (/isis/citation/CBB461350298/)

Authors & Contributors
Alvarez-Palau, Eduard J.
Martí-Henneberg, Jordi
Kasper Schiølin
Kerstin Enflo
Yi, Yuan
Tommy Jamison
Journals
Transactions - Newcomen Society for the Study of the History of Engineering and Technology
Social Science History
IA. The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology
Technology and Culture
Social Studies of Science
Kexue Jishu yu Bianzhengfa (Science, Technology, and Dialectics)
Publishers
Springer Nature
Open University (United Kingdom)
Presses Universitaires de Rennes
M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
Franco Angeli
Columbia University
Concepts
Industrialization
Railroads
Development of technology; change in technology
Technology
Hydraulic engineering
Mills and milling
People
Watt, James
Sun, Yat-sen
Time Periods
19th century
20th century, early
18th century
Ancient
21st century
20th century
Places
China
Great Britain
United States
England
Denmark
Nymphenburg Castle
Comments

Be the first to comment!

{{ comment.created_by.username }} on {{ comment.created_on | date:'medium' }}

Log in or register to comment

Creative Commons License REST API