Weaver, Karol Kimberlee (Author)
This study of Saint Domingue in the eighteenth century reveals that the French colony's reputation as the Torrid Zone, a place of death and disease, affected its development in three important ways. First of all, physicians, planters, and philosophers employed disease to construct gender and racial categories. Many believed that the different classes of mankind (free, enslaved, European, Creole, African, and multiracial) were susceptible to different diseases and, therefore, were destined to perform certain types of labor and lead particular kinds of lives. This disease differential, as historian Kenneth Kiple called it, justified the enslavement of Africans, influenced the demography of the island, and upheld the domestic role expected of white Creole women. Secondly, the diseases that the peoples of Saint Domingue endured led to the creation and development of a massive medical world composed of royal medical practitioners, private medical workers, and unlicensed and outlawed healers. Those persons who practiced the healing arts, whether legally or illegally, assumed great power within the colony. Royally appointed medical men proposed new laws designed to prevent and arrest the spread of disease, while enslaved healers enjoyed high status within slave communities. Finally, the concerns voiced over illness led many to accuse African and Afro-Caribbean slaves of employing sickness as a mode of resistance. Disease as resistance took many forms, and not only included feigning illness or causing oneself or others to become sick, but also involved methods whereby slaves destroyed biological productivity by engaging in suicide, self- mutilation, contraception, abortion, and infanticide.
...MoreDescription Cited in Diss. Abstr. Int. A 61 (2000): 334. UMI order no. 9960675.
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