Hakre, Shilpa (Author)
Retrospective analyses were conducted to describe the epidemiology of malaria in Belize over a 10-year period and to determine if environmental factors influenced the incidence of malaria at macro- and micro-scales. The purpose was to contribute to the current body of knowledge regarding malaria transmission in Belize, which may aid in region-specific malaria control efforts. Malaria data were obtained from the National Malaria Control Program's National Malaria Database. Malaria rates were calculated using the 1991 population census of Belize (Central Statistics Office). Other data were obtained from the National Meteorological Service (Belize), National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), National Weather Service (U.S.A.), Global Land One-Kilometer Base Elevation (GLOBE), National Geophysical Data Center, Land Information Centre (LIC, Belize), village and vector surveys, Ministry of Health (MOH), SPOT and Landsat multi-spectral images. Most of the data from these sources were collected for purposes other than the specific aims of the studies in this dissertation. Over a 10-year period, malaria incidence rates varied temporally and spatially; southern and central areas of Belize had consistently higher rates of malaria than northern areas. Toledo District had the highest Plasmodium vivax incidence; whereas, Stann Creek District had the highest P. falciparum incidence. Malaria incidence was highest during 1993 through 1996. Plasmodium falciparum incidence was highest in the transitional months preceding the wet season in Stann Creek. Vector surveys conducted in villages in the districts of Cayo, Stann Creek, and Toledo indicated that Anopheles darlingi was most common and abundant in Stann Creek District whereas, An. albimanus was most common and abundant in the other two districts. The epidemiology of P. falciparum incidence among very young children in Stann Creek, along with the common occurrence and seasonal abundance of An. darlingi, indicates that malaria transmission occurred locally and An. darlingi was the likely vector of P. falciparum in that district. Preliminary results indicated malaria incidence differed geographically by season, type of vegetation, and proximity of villages to rivers or streams. Examination of associations between weather and malaria incidence indicated that precipitation was associated with malaria transmission. Higher total rainfall was associated with a higher malaria risk in villages. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
...MoreDescription Cited in Diss. Abstr. Int. B 64 (2004): 6038. UMI order no. 3117211.
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