When They Became the Nation's Children: The Foundations of Pediatrics and Its Raced, Classed, and Gendered (Re)inventions of Childhood in Rio de Janeiro, 1870--1930 (2006)
Marko, Tamera Lynn (Author)
University of California, San Diego
Hunefeldt, Christine
Edition Details: Advisor: Hunefeldt, Christine
Physical Details: 356 pp.
Language: English
This is a story about how, through the foundation of pediatrics in Brazil between 1870 and 1930, children became, and have remained to this day, fundamental to nation-building projects. This manuscript focuses on Brazil's fast pediatric institutions founded and directed in Rio de Janeiro by two doctors who were also father and son: Carlos Arthur Moncorvo de Figueiredo and Arthur Moncorvo Filho. They are known as "the fathers of pediatrics in Brazil." The elder Moncorvo "Pae," founded the Policlínica Geral do Rio de Janeiro in 1881. It was the first clinic in the country to provide free health care to all impoverished people, let alone include a section devoted exclusively to childhood illnesses. In 1899, Moncorvo Filho founded the Instituto de Protecçaño e Assistencia à Infancia do Rio de Janeiro (The Rio de Janeiro Institute of Child Protection and Assistance). It was the first clinic in the country dedicated exclusively to providing health care and social welfare free of charge to impoverished children. The IPAI provided to mothers and children, and occasionally men, medical care, sterilized milk, food, clothing, layettes and "popular classes in hygiene." I place this history of pediatrics in the context of negotiations not just between doctors, but also among political leaders, military generals, Catholic priests, industrial capitalists, merchant elites, high society women and feminists of various political persuasion, journalists, literary authors, poets, students and those infants, children, women and men who were among the clinics' clients. The childbearing and childrearing theories and practices of medical and nonmedical IPAI staff as well as those of clients at the Moncorvos' clinics did indeed, to borrow Jacques Donzelot's conceptualization, "crystallize a set of issues" central to some of the most tumultuous events in 19th- and early 20th-century Brazil: abolition of slavery, the transition from a monarchy to a Republic and then building (in image and infrastructure) a modern nation based on "order and progress." I examine ways women, men and children, as clients, fund raisers, wet nurses and doctors, simultaneously challenged and reinforced traditional hierarchies of power based on race, class, gender, and age.
...MoreDescription Cited in Diss. Abstr. Int. A 67/03 (2006). UMI pub. no. 3208809.
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