Mozaffari, S. Mohammad (Author)
Steele, John M. (Author)
Archive for History of Exact Sciences
Volume: 69, no. 4
Issue: 4
Pages: 343-362
From the early ninth century until about eight centuries later, the Middle East witnessed a series of both simple and systematic astronomical observations for the purpose of testing contemporary astronomical tables and deriving the fundamental solar, lunar, and planetary parameters. Of them, the extensive observations of lunar eclipses available before 1000 AD for testing the ephemeredes computed from the astronomical tables are in a relatively sharp contrast to the twelve lunar observations that are pertained to the four extant accounts of the measurements of the basic parameters of Ptolemaic lunar model. The last of them are Taqi al-Din Mu ammad b. Ma`ruf's (1526--1585) trio of lunar eclipses observed from Istanbul, Cairo, and Thessalonica in 1576--1577 and documented in chapter 2 of book 5 of his famous work, Sidrat muntaha al-afkar fi malakut al-falak al-dawwar (The Lotus Tree in the Seventh Heaven of Reflection). In this article, we provide a detailed analysis of the accuracy of his solar (1577--1579) and lunar observations.
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