As stated by Roy Porter, “the critique of the epistemological status of insanity” in Michel Foucault's Madness and Civilization (1961), which inverted the traditional history of psychiatry by converting its heroes, i.e., the doctors, into villains, as well as the anti-psychiatric movement, as evidenced in the works of the American psychiatrist Thomas Szasz, The Myth of Mental Illness (1961) and The Manufacture of Madness (1970), which considered mental illness to be a myth forged by psychiatrists for their own glorification, made psychiatry and social policy towards the mentally ill from the 1960's onwards a subject of intense historical and sociological analysis. These ground-breaking publications gave rise to several critical historiographical works, which Porter referred to as representing the “new” history of psychiatry and Andrew Scull spoke of as being an intellectual enterprise inspiring an array of provocative questions and fresh areas of research, which in turn resulted in the publication of monographs which have presented us with a more subtly multifaceted and nuanced history of psychiatry.
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