Article ID: CBB001451207

Karl Jaspers on the Disease Entity: Kantian Ideas and Weberian Ideal Types (2014)

unapi

Jaspers' nosology is indebted to Immanuel Kant's theory of knowledge. He drew the distinction of form and content from the Transcendental Analytic of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. The distinction is universal to all knowledge, including psychopathology. Individual experience is constituted by a form or category of the Understanding to give a determinate or knowable object classified into the generic type of a real disease entity. The application of form and content is limited by the boundaries of experience. Beyond this boundary are wholes whose conception requires Ideas of reason drawn from the Transcendental Dialectic. Wholes are regulated by Ideas of reason to give an object or schema of the Idea collected into ideal types of an ideal typical disease entity. Jaspers drew ideal types from Max Weber's social theory. He anticipated that, as knowledge advanced, ideal typical disease entities would become real disease entities. By 1920, this had been the destiny of general paralysis as knowledge of its neuropathology, serology and microbiology emerged. As he presented the final edition of General Psychopathology in 1946, Jaspers was anticipating the transition of schizophrenia from ideal typical to real disease entity. Almost 70 years later, with knowledge of its aetiology still unclear, schizophrenia remains marooned as an ideal typical disease entity -- still awaiting that crucial advance!

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Authors & Contributors
Revuelta, José I. Pérez
Moreno, José M. Villagrán
Kumazaki, Tsutomu
Parnas, Josef
Faschi, Viviana
Maieron, Mario Augusto
Concepts
Psychopathology
Mental disorders and diseases
Psychiatry
Psychology
Clinical psychology
Psychiatric hospitals
Time Periods
19th century
20th century, early
20th century
21st century
20th century, late
Modern
Places
Germany
United States
Italy
Europe
Berlin (Germany)
Great Britain
Institutions
American Psychiatric Association
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