Article ID: CBB001450352

Knowing Weather in Place: The Helm Wind of Cross Fell (2014)

unapi

he Helm Wind of Cross Fell, North Pennines, is England's only named wind. As a product of the particular landscape found at Cross Fell, the Helm is a true local wind, and a phenomenon that has come to assume great cultural as well as environmental significance in the region and beyond. In this paper we draw on material from county histories, newspaper archives, and documents relating to investigations of the Helm Wind that were conducted by the Royal Meteorological Society between 1884 and 1889, and by British climatologist Gordon Manley (1908--1980), between 1937 and 1939, to document attempts to observe, measure, understand and explain this local wind over a period of 200 years. We show how different ways of knowing the Helm relate to contemporary practices of meteorology, highlighting the shifts that took place in terms of what constituted credible meteorological observation. We also acknowledge the overlapping nature of these ways of knowing and the persistence of multiple testimonies about the Helm and its effects.

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Authors & Contributors
Vetter, Jeremy
Naylor, Simon
Endfield, Georgina H.
Carson, Sarah
Jerry C. Zee
Neil Macdonald
Journals
Public Interest Report
Science in Context
Osiris: A Research Journal Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
Journal of Historical Geography
Isis: International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
Environment and History
Publishers
Fagbokforl
University Press of Kansas
University of California Press
American Meteorological Society
Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam (Netherlands)
Princeton University
Concepts
Weather
Meteorology
Climate and climatology
Climate change
Science and culture
Observation
People
Pierce, Charlie
Smyth, Charles Piazzi
Reid, William
Manley, Gordon
Mahony, Martin
Bjerknes, Vilhelm
Time Periods
19th century
20th century
20th century, early
21st century
20th century, late
18th century
Places
United States
Great Britain
Indian Ocean
North Sea
South Asia
Western states (U.S.)
Institutions
United States. Weather Bureau
British Admiralty
Great Britain. Royal Navy
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