Article
ID: CBB001450352

Knowing Weather in Place: The Helm Wind of Cross Fell (2014)

unapi
Weather Meteorology 19th century 20th century England Manley, Gordon

he Helm Wind of Cross Fell, North Pennines, is England's only named wind. As a product of the particular landscape found at Cross Fell, the Helm is a true local wind, and a phenomenon that has come to assume great cultural as well as environmental significance in the region and beyond. In this paper we draw on material from county histories, newspaper archives, and documents relating to investigations of the Helm Wind that were conducted by the Royal Meteorological Society between 1884 and 1889, and by British climatologist Gordon Manley (1908--1980), between 1937 and 1939, to document attempts to observe, measure, understand and explain this local wind over a period of 200 years. We show how different ways of knowing the Helm relate to contemporary practices of meteorology, highlighting the shifts that took place in terms of what constituted credible meteorological observation. We also acknowledge the overlapping nature of these ways of knowing and the persistence of multiple testimonies about the Helm and its effects.

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Citation URI
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Authors & Contributors
Endfield, Georgina H.
Naylor, Simon
Vetter, Jeremy
Avilés, Lourdes B.
Changnon, Stanley A.
Crewe, M. E.
Journals
Public Interest Report
British Journal for the History of Science
Chemical Heritage
East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal
Environment and History
Isis: International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
Publishers
American Meteorological Society
University of Oregon
Princeton University
Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam (Netherlands)
University of California Press
University Press of Kansas
Concepts
Meteorology
Weather
Climate and climatology
Science and war; science and the military
Weather forecasting
Science and society
People
Beaufort, Sir Francis
Bjerknes, Vilhelm
Mahony, Martin
Manley, Gordon
Reid, William
Smyth, Charles Piazzi
Time Periods
19th century
20th century
20th century, early
17th century
18th century
20th century, late
Places
United States
Great Britain
Indian Ocean
India
New York (U.S.)
China
Institutions
United States. Weather Bureau
Great Britain. Royal Navy
British Admiralty
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