The energy consumption as a whole has been only marginally investigated in the case of the Roman world. This chapter focuses on energy consumption in the early Roman Empire; and, in particular, to identify the energy sources, to quantify their exploitation, and their constraints to the growth potential. It devotes to the dynamics of the ancient energy systems that are the innovations in the technical exploitation of energy and its availability. The Appendix will present the procedure followed in the quantification of energy consumption in the Roman Empire and discuss alternative estimates. The Roman Empire included many Southern regions, where the consumption of firewood was certainly lower than in the Mediterranean countries of Europe at the start of industrialisation. The combination of changes in power and energy was the basis of modern growth.
...MoreBook Harris, William V. (2013) The Ancient Mediterranean Environment between Science and History.
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