Article ID: CBB001421973

Alexis Carrel (1873--1944): Visionary Vascular Surgeon and Pioneer in Organ Transplantation (2014)

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Alexis Carrel was a French surgeon in the 20th century. He made significant contributions to many advances in the fields of vascular surgery, cardiothoracic surgery and organ transplantation. He demonstrated that blood vessels can be united end-to-end and pioneered the triangulation suturing technique in vascular anastomosis. The methods he developed are still in use to this day. He insisted on the importance of absolute asepsis in vascular surgery when such practices were almost unheard of. He was also considered the father of solid organ transplantation. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in recognition of his work. Together with Charles Lindbergh, he developed the extracorporeal perfusion pump to keep organs alive outside the human body. His contribution to medicine also extended to tissue culture and wound management. He was one of the most controversial figures of his generation, believing in the idea of genetic superiority and eugenics and he was associated with fascism in the 1930s.

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Authors & Contributors
Jones, David S.
Drouard, Alain
Omar A. Jarral
Binney, Nicholas
Erdinc Soylu
Thanos Athanasiou
Concepts
Surgery
Medicine
Organ transplantation
Cardiology
Organs; tissues
Physicians; doctors
Time Periods
20th century
20th century, early
19th century
21st century
18th century
Places
France
Germany
India
Great Britain
United States
Spain
Institutions
Johns Hopkins University
Fondation Française pour l'Étude des Problèmes Humaines
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
Royal College of Surgeons, London
Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, Md.)
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