Article ID: CBB001421932

Decline of Birch Woodland Cover in Þjórsárdalur Iceland from 1587 to 1938 (2014)

unapi

Immense land-cover changes in Iceland over the last millennium have encompassed birch (Betula pubescencs) woodland depletion and extensive soil erosion; few studies have focused on spatial distribution change of birch woodland in Iceland over centuries. The main objectives of this study were to (1) map the changes of birch woodland cover in Þjórsárdalur (14,000 ha) in southern Iceland, over a period of 350 years from late sixteenth to early twentieth century, and (2) explain the impact of socio-economic and natural forces on the woodland cover over three periods: 1587--1708, 1708--1880 and 1880--1938. We used a combined approach of historical reconstruction from diverse written archives, GIS-techniques and field work. About half of the Þjórsárdalur valley was covered by birch woodland in the late sixteenth century but over a period of 350 years 94 % of woodland had been depleted. The woodland was intensively used for firewood and charcoal making during the period with limited land management restriction. The main driving force for this development was socio-economic, where the form of ownership was a fundamental factor for the fate of the woodland. Harsh climate and volcanism further exacerbated the woodland during times when it had become fragmented and beyond its state of recovery.

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Authors & Contributors
DeShong, Rachel
Giuliano Pinto
Diego Molina
Vergara, Germán
Šolar, Renata
Delgado, Juan Luis
Concepts
Environmental history
Forests and forestry
Trees
Deforestation
Natural resource management
Nature and its relationship to culture; human-nature relationships
Time Periods
19th century
18th century
20th century
17th century
16th century
20th century, early
Places
Bogotá (Colombia)
Mediterranean region
Oklahoma (U.S.)
West Africa
Northern Europe
Americas
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